Begun in 1506 and consecrated in 1626, St Peter’s concentrates Renaissance and Baroque genius—Bramante’s plan, Michelangelo’s dome, Maderno’s nave, Bernini’s baldachin and square. Structural ties, marble conservation, and logistics for liturgy and mass tourism shape stewardship of Christianity’s most visited church.
Bramante’s centralized plan gave way to Michelangelo’s Greek cross with a colossal double‑shell dome. Maderno extended a nave; Bernini added the bronze baldachin and embraced the façade with the elliptical piazza.
Massive piers carry the dome; iron chains and stone rings bind meridians. Marble revetments, gilded stuccos, and mosaics create a legible ceremonial hierarchy.
Security, queuing, and acoustics are tuned for both worship and visitation. Conservation targets include mosaic cleaning, smoke residue from candles, and marble joint repair.
Climb the dome for views across Rome; early morning lines are shortest.
